Thickening and stiffening of an arterial wall. Pathogenesis can begin as early as in an individual’s 20s with symptoms, such as angina, shortness of breath and chest pain, often only presenting in more advanced stages, especially once fibrous plaques rupture, resulting in thrombosis. (atherosclerosis)
An inflammatory cardiac disease, can occur when strep throat or scarlet fever is not adequately treated. Most commonly caused by Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). (rheumatic fever)
Thick flat ribbons of egg-based dough. (pappardelle)
Ribbons of egg-based pasta. Generally narrower than fettucine. (tagliatelle)
Often asymptomatic until complications of end-organ damage occur or acute increases in blood pressure arise. 1 in 3 Australian adults over 18 years old have this condition. One of the strongest risk factors for nearly all cardiovascular diseases. (hypertension)
Long, thick, corkscrew-shaped pasta that may be solid or hollow. Derives from the Italian word for “spindle”. (fusilli)
Wagon-wheel shaped pasta. (rotelle)
Medium length tubes with ridges, cut diagonally at both ends. They can be either lisce (smooth) or rigate (grooved). (penne)
Shell pasta coiled into a conical shape. Translated as “castle dweller”, for the shape of the pasta loosely resembles that of a long, flowing robe. (castellane)
Typically found in the left atrium, although may occur in any of the other three chambers. It is the most common form of primary benign heart tumour. (myxoma)
Across
A long, thin, cylindrical pasta of Italian origin, made of semolina or flour and water. (spaghetti)
Cardiac output is unable to meet metabolic demands of the heart. Clinical features dependent on which side of the heart is primarily affected (either and/or both sides can be affected in this condition). (heart failure)
Typically retrosternal chest pain or pressure. Pain can also radiate to left arm, neck, jaw, epigastric region or back. Dyspnoea, dizziness, palpitations, restlessness, anxiety. (angina)
Disruption in cerebral perfusion, either due to ischemia or haemorrhage. Problems with speech, paralysis and/or numbness of the face, arm and leg on either or both sides of the body. (stroke)
Square or rectangle sheets of pasta that sometimes have fluted edges. Garfield the cat loves this (it ends in an ‘a’). (lasagna)
Acute retrosternal chest pain, commonly described as dull, squeezing pressure/tightness. Commonly radiates to left chest, arm, shoulder, neck, jaw, and/or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea/vomiting, pallor and syncope. (acute myocardial infarction)